projects

MUDRAL (Multilateralism and the Radical Right in Latin America) is a study and public debate project on the perspectives and actions of the Latin American radical right and its transnational connections within the scope of the Contemporary Multilateral System. We aim to understand and discuss the impacts of these actions on political and civic rights, on the creation and reproduction of social inclusion mechanisms, on forms of political participation and on democratic institutions in general.

More information: https://instlam.org/projects/mudral/

How do small arms and light weapons (SALW) circulate in Latin America, between state and non-state actors and between legal and illegal spheres of activity and what are the cultural and regulatory dynamics that shape this circulation? 

This project tackles these questions by focusing on military-style automatic rifles. SALW are central to LatAm's patterns of political and criminal violence. However, there are persisting gaps in data on their transnational circulation, as well as critical analytical gaps regarding the social, cultural, and economic dynamics associated with their proliferation. Military-style automatic rifles are strong proxies for analyzing the emergence of violent dynamics and entry points for policy responses and international cooperation initiatives to address these dynamics.

Our main goals are to: i) understand how the circulation of military-style rifles occurs within and through LatAm; ii) assess their effects on patterns of violence in the region; iii) analyze gun cultures in the region and; iv) identify the main challenges for controlling these flows. 

We will compose a two-layered cartography of the transnational circulation and control of military-style rifles in the region. The first layer gathers quantitative data on rifle flows over the last decade and qualitative data on related sociocultural and gendered perspectives (e.g., the emergence of gun cultures) and on their political economy. The second layer investigates the adoption and implementation of international, regional, and national norms on SALW in LatAm and their policy impacts. Through mixed-methods interdisciplinary research involving European and Latin American universities, NGOs and IO, we shed light on the social, political and cultural processes through which violence is shaped and reproduced

The time when the internet epitomized progressive, innovative, bottom-up politics has passed. The business-models of platforms, intelligence services, the use of the internet for propaganda purposes, the proliferation of online political bubbles and the proliferation of trolls and bots have tarnished the romantic image of digital democracy. Questions about the potential impact of the internet are now routinely raised in relation to political events and elections in most places. The internet is an infrastructure selecting, directing, conducting, generating and delimiting the terrain of democratic contestation. Even if people are no digital dupes, concerns about how the internet relates to democracy are amply warranted. 

This project speaks to those concerns. The project asks how the digital infrastructuring of democracy unfolds through regulatory and political processes, with a heuristic focus on both its transnational dimension and its specific reverberations in democracies of the Global South. It emphasizes a regulatory politics located within digital infrastructures and working with ICT rather than from the outside and against them.

The project will focus on the three main aspects of the digital infrastructure: codes, content, and circulation. It will analyze the place of these in the political and regulatory processes that form one aspect of the broader infrastructuring of democracy. The project will concentrate on one thematic controversy related to each aspect of infrastructure: the accountability of algorithms for code, data protection for content, and encryption for circulation. These controversies will be studied at an overarching level as well as in relation to their unfolding in the Brazilian context. 

The project will comprise studies of the debates surrounding Facebooks automated removal of content, the leaks leading to President Dilma Rousseffs impeachment, and the contested place of Whatsapp groups. It uses process-tracing methods, combining text and document analysis with controversy mapping and ethnographic methods. The project is interdisciplinary and problem-oriented, and focuses on work packages on the thematic controversies and the related case studies.

The project makes a significant contribution to understanding the political and regulatory aspects of the infrastructuring of democracy by the internet. It studies how digital infrastructures can be understood not only as socio-technical and socio-material phenomena, but also as legal and political ones; i.e. how digital infrastructures are part of legal and political arrangements. It also generates novel conceptualizations of political agency/publics and regulatory rules/normativities-conceptualizations which will be essential to efforts to regulate the interactions between digital infrastructures and democratic politics. 

The project will direct attention to the transnational dimension of these processes, including the presence of powerful commercial actors, which are inescapably salient for countries such as Brazil. Moreover, the project contributes empirically to research about the digital dimensions of Brazilian democracy and about the regulatory politics in the areas of algorithms, data protection, and encryption. Given the funding modalities provided, the project privileges research exchange workshops and stipends for junior researchers. It focuses on the synergies generated by bringing together expertise primarily from Brazil and Switzerland in a collective research agenda developing a common perspective on digital infrastructuring. This will result, inter alia, in thematic policy papers, two peer-reviewed articles and two monographs, as well as in significant academic and policy-oriented training for the benefit of the junior researchers involved.